Habitat

• Bank Shape and Slope
• Riparian Vegetation and Macrophytes
• Substrate Composition and Heterogeneity
• Woody Debris and Snags

 

Bank Shape and Slope

State of the Rivers survey data from 279 reference sites show that all bank slope categories are present in the province.  Moderate and low slopes represent the predominant categories.  They occur at over half the sites, and represent the dominant categories at over 30% of sites.  All shape categories also occur, the concave and convex classes being the most often present.  In contrast wide lower bench and undercut banks occur least frequently (<10% of sites). 

 

Information about bank shape and slope

Information about methods

 

Bank slope	present	dominant	not dominant
Vertical (80-90o)%	10	4	6
Steep (60-80o)%	35	19	16
Moderate (30-60o)%	53	37	16
Low (10-30o)%	52	33	19
Flat (<10o)%	19	9	10

 

Bank shape	present	dominant	not dominant
Concave%	57	34	23
Convex%	65	48	17
Stepped%	26	6	21
Wide lower bench%	6	3	3
Undercut%	9	2	7

 

Riparian Vegetation and Macrophyte (aquatic plant)

State of the Rivers survey data from 279 reference sites in the province show that the average width of riparian zones is approximately 36 m.  Grasses, medium trees and small trees typically dominate riparian vegetation cover.  Trees over 30 m tall, woody shrubs and ferns typically form very minor components of riparian cover and vines, tree ferns, mosses and palms are typically absent.  On average 23% of Riparian zones are bare of vegetation.

 

Information about Riparian Vegetation and Macrophytes

Information about methods

 

Riparian vegetation cover	Mean	SE	Max	Min
Riparian zone width (m)	36.2	3.6	650	0
Bare of vegetation (%)	23.1	1.1	90	0
Trees > 30 m (%)	1.9	0.4	50	0
Trees 10 - 30 m (%)	15.7	1.1	83	0
Trees < 10 m	25.4	1.0	80	0
Woody shrubs > 2 m (%)	3.5	0.4	35	0
Woody shrubs < 2 m (%)	8.3	0.7	80	0
Vines (%)	0.8	0.3	50	0
Rushes & sedges (%)	10.6	0.9	80	0
Herbs & forbs (%)	12.9	0.8	80	0
Grasses (%)	42.5	1.6	100	0
Tree ferns (%)	0.0	0.0	0	0
Ferns (%)	0.0	0.0	0	0
Mosses (%)	0.0	0.0	0	0
Palms (%)	0.0	0.0	0	0

 

Macrophyte (aquatic plant)

State of the Rivers survey data from 279 reference sites in the province show that macrophytes were present at only 16% of sites in the Lake Eyre and Bulloo province.  Mean total cover was 1%, with submerged macrophytes most frequently observed, present at 14% of sites.

 

 

Macrophyte cover	% sites present	Mean	SE	Max	Min
submerged (%)	14	0.6	0.18	30	0
floating (%)	1.5	0.3	0.17	40	0
emergent (%)	5	0.1	0.05	10	0
total (%)	16	1	0.29	60	0

 

Substrate Composition and Heterogeneity

The number of substrate classes recorded in the province are lower than the other provinces in Queensland except Wallum.  Only two classes were recorded from edge habitat, silt/clay dominated composing 75% of the substrate.  Pool substrates were more diverse, containing all the classes, though these were still primarily sand and silt/clay. 

• Edge habitat is exclusively silt/clay and sand. 
• Pool bed material is similarly dominated by substrates with fine particles, although bedrock also occurs quite frequently.   
• No riffle habitat has been sampled in the LEB province, though it is present.

Substrate heterogeneity is least variable in edge habitats of the Lake Eyre Bulloo province when compared with other Queensland provinces.  Pool habitat was more variable ranging across six classes but with a mean of two.  In both these cases this is the lowest average number of classes in all provinces except wallum. 

 

Information about Substrate Composition and Heterogeneity

Information about methods

 

Habitat Substrate Class	Mean	SE	Maximum	Minimum	Chart
edge
bedrock (%)	0	0	0	0
boulder (%)	0	0	0	0
cobble (%)	0	0	0	0
pebble (%)	0	0	0	0
gravel (%)	0	0	0	0
sand (%)	24	10.3	95	0
silt/clay (%)	76	10.3	100	5
No. classes	1.32	0.14	2	1
Heterogeneity	0.55	0.26	2.30	0
pool
bedrock (%)	17	8.1	80	0
boulder (%)	1	0.8	10	0
cobble (%)	10	6.6	80	0
pebble (%)	1	0.1	10	0
gravel (%)	1	0.1	10	0
sand (%)	43	12.1	100	0
silt/clay (%)	28.	9.7	100	0
No. classes	2.33	0.41	6	1
Heterogeneity	1.23	0.25	2.24	0

Macroinvertebrate Richness

The low substrate heterogeneity, and almost complete domination of fine substrates, is likely to be a significant contributor to the low macroinvertebrate diversity of the Lake Eyre and Bulloo province. However, because there were no significant correlations, between macroinvertebrate richness and either substrate variable, in this province it is likely that other environmental processes have a greater effect on the biota (e.g. the extreme flow regimes of the region). 

 

Table: Results of Pearson’s correlations between substrate heterogeneity and number of substrate classes present with macroinvertebrate sample richness from ABMAP reference sites in the Lake Eyre and Bulloo FBP. Significant p values (<0.05) are indicated in italics.

Habitat		r	p
Pool (n=12)	Heterogeneity	0.36	0.25
	No. classes	0.34	0.28
Edge (n=12)	Heterogeneity	-0.38	0.22
	No. classes	-0.44	0.15

 

Information about macroinvertebrate richness

 

Woody Debris and Snags

State of the Rivers survey data from 279 reference sites in the province show that on average there are approximately 30 items of LWD and snags per kilometre of river, which cover about 7 to 9 % of the river bed.  Smaller woody debris (branches and leaves/twigs) occur more frequently than logs; however they cover a roughly similar proportion of the streams. 

Patches of leaf litter and twigs are very sparse, and cover on average 2% of the stream bed with 9-12 patches per kilometre of river. This can range however from no patches to 225 with up to 70% bed cover.

 

Information about Woody Debris and Snags

Information about methods

Woody Debris Density (km-1)	Mean	SE	Max	Min
Total LWD and snag density	29	2.3	280	0
Leaf and twig patch density	11	1.8	225	0
Individual log density	8	0.8	113	0
Log jam (<50% dense) density	2	0.4	56	0
Log jam (>50% dense) density	1	0.3	50	0
Individual branch density	13	1.6	180	0
Branch pile (<50% dense) density	4	0.5	50	0
Branch pile (>50% dense) density	3	0.7	90	0

 

Woody Debris Cover (km-1)	Mean	SE	Max	Min
Total LWD and snag density	8	0.8	80	0
Leaf and twig patch density	2	0.4	70	0
Individual log density	2	0.3	30	0
Log jam (<50% dense) density	1	0.2	40	0
Log jam (>50% dense) density	1	0.3	50	0
Individual branch density	1	0.2	30	0
Branch pile (<50% dense) density	2	0.4	80	0
Branch pile (>50% dense) density	1	0.2	40	0